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Local law in Alsace-Moselle
The territory of the former Alsace-Lorraine, commonly known as Alsace-Moselle,〔An instruction dated 14 August 1920, from the assistant Secretary of State of the Presidency of the Council to the General Commissioner of the Republic in Strasbourg gives notice that the term Alsace-Lorraine is prohibited and will be replaced by the sentence "the département of Haut-Rhin, the département of Bas-Rhin and the département of Moselle". As this sentence was considered by many to be too long, the term ''Alsace-Moselle'' was coined. However, this term has no legal status in France as a regional designation.〕 is a region in the eastern part of France, bordering with Germany. Its principal cities are Metz and Strasbourg. Alsace-Moselle was part of the German Empire from 1871 to 1918, and again from 1940 until its liberation by the Allies at the end of World War II. Consisting of the two départements that make up the region of Alsace, which are Haut-Rhin and Bas-Rhin, and the département of Moselle, which is the northeastern part of Lorraine, there are historical reasons for the continuance of local law in Alsace-Moselle. Alsace-Moselle maintains its own local legislation, applying specific customs and laws on certain issues in spite of its being an integral part of France. These laws are principally in areas that France addressed by changing its own law in the period 1871–1919, when Alsace-Moselle was a part of Germany.
Alsace-Moselle has a large number of people who speak a form of High German known as Alsatian, a dialect of Upper German. These native speakers are mostly in Alsace. There are also several Frankish dialects of West Middle German in the district of Moselle, although the number of native speakers has dwindled significantly since the Second World War and the French language is now overwhelmingly heard in these districts. The region's German-language past is now, at the beginning of the 21st century, mostly evident in the names of towns, streets, villages and rivers. Protestantism is widespread in Alsace, while there are comparatively few Protestants in most other parts of France.
==Principles==
The local law (fr: ''droit local'') in Alsace-Moselle is a legal system which operates in parallel with French law and preserves those statutes made by the German authorities, in these formerly annexed and reverted territories, which are considered still to be of benefit. Created in 1919, it preserves those French laws that were in force before 1870 and were maintained by the German government but were repealed after 1871 in France. It also maintains German laws enacted by the German Empire between 1871 and 1918, specific provisions adopted by the local authorities and French laws that have been enacted after 1919 to be applicable only in the three concerned ''départements''.
In 1919, a Commissaire de la République, whose duty was to restart the French administration in Alsace-Moselle following German defeat in World War I, had to choose between local law and general law. These provisions were supposed to be temporary. However, two further enactments of 1 June 1924 made them permanent. These laws were extended six times between 1934 and 1951. In 1951, the legislator avoided mentioning a time limit. Even at the beginning of the 21st century, for some laws in force in Alsace-Moselle, the German language text is considered the binding one, the translated French text serving only as a non-binding commentary.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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